Capacitive sensing technique for silt suspended sediment concentration monitoring     

Yin-Sung HSU Chi-ma WEI Yuan-Chi TING Shih-Yi YUAN Chia-Ling CHANG Kao-Chung CHANG 《国际泥沙研究》2010,25(2):175-184

Automated, real-time, and continuous techniques for monitoring suspended sediment concentration in rivers and reservoirs can play an important role in the improvement of the quantity and quality of sediment data, and are valuable to the management of water environment, water conservancy, hazard prevention, and water resources. Research in the monitoring techniques has examined the possibility of using the characteristics of dielectric constants for detecting soil moisture and concentration of air-water two-phase flow, based on the fact that dielectric constants of sediment, air and water are different. A capacitance sensor was developed to monitor the silt suspended sediment concentration (SSSC) in a recent study, following the principle that as SSSC increases in the sediment-water mixture, the apparent dielectric constant of the water sample also increases and therefore the capacitance detected by the sensing system also increases. It is demonstrated that the variations in the concentration of silt sediment correlates positively with the variations in observed capacitance in a linear fashion, and correlates negatively with voltage outputs but also in a linear fashion. The correlation coefficients reached above 0.98. The overall errors in estimated concentrations range between 0.26% and 2.91%. Elements in the capacitance sensor system such as the frequencies of the signal generating system, areas of the electrode plates, and effects of sample temperature have also been evaluated. The results illustrated that the capacitance sensor techniques can be applied to monitoring SSSC automatically and continuously. Also, the range of SSSC in the experiment reached 200 kg/m³; therefore, the application of this technique in practical SSSC monitoring is worthy of further research.  相似文献   

基于下一代三向车轮双星编队改善地球重力场空间分辨率研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

郑伟  许厚泽  钟敏  员美娟 《地球物理学报》2015,58(3):767-779

由于当前GRACE(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment)串行式编队存在"南北向条带误差"等缺陷,因此本文基于星间速度插值法开展了利用下一代三向车轮双星编队ACR(Along-Cross-Radial)-Cartwheel提高地球重力场空间分辨率的可行性研究论证.第一,采用GRACE卫星轨道参数和关键载荷精度,利用三向车轮双星编队ACR-Cartwheel-A/B反演了120阶地球重力场.结果表明:基于ACR-Cartwheel-A/B双星编队反演地球重力场的模拟精度较德国波茨坦地学研究中心(GFZ)公布的EIGEN-GRACE02S地球重力场模型的实测精度平均提高2.6倍,从而检验了基于下一代三向车轮双星编队ACR-Cartwheel-A/B反演地球重力场精度优于当前GRACE串行式双星编队的可行性.第二,通过星间速度插值法,采用卫星轨道参数(初始轨道高度350km、平均星间距离100km、初始轨道倾角89°、初始轨道离心率0.0046)、卫星关键载荷精度指标(星间速度10-7 m·s-1、轨道位置10-3 m、轨道速度10-6 m·s-1、非保守力10-11 m·s-2)、观测时间30天和采样间隔10s,基于经向车轮双星编队Lo-AR(Longitudinal-Along-Radial)-Cartwheel-A/B、纬向车轮双星编队La-AR(Latitudinal-Along-Radial)-Cartwheel-A/B和三向车轮双星编队ACR-Cartwheel-A/B,分别反演了120阶地球重力场;在120阶处,累计大地水准面精度分别为5.115×10-4 m、4.923×10-4 m和3.488×10-4 m.结果表明:(1)由于La-AR-Cartwheel-A/B编队的轨道稳定性优于Lo-AR-Cartwheel-A/B编队,因此基于La-AR-Cartwheel-A/B编队反演重力场精度高于Lo-AR-CartwheelA/B编队;(2)由于ACR-Cartwheel-A/B编队可以同时获得轨向、垂向和径向的重力场信息,卫星观测数据具有各向同性优点,因此ACR-Cartwheel-A/B编队是建立下一代高精度和高空间分辨地球重力场模型的优化选择.  相似文献   

SIMS Pb/Pb dating of Zr-rich minerals in lunar meteorites Miller Range 05035 and LaPaz Icefield 02224:Implications for the petrogenesis of mare basalt   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

HSU WeiBiao 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2010,(3)

Miller Range (MIL) 05035 and LaPaz Icefield (LAP) 02224 are unbrecciated lunar basalt meteorites. In this report, we studied their petrography and mineralogy and made in situ uranogenic Pb/Pb dating of Zr-rich minerals. Petrography and mineralogy of these two lunar meteorites are consistent with previous investigations. The zirconolite Pb/Pb age of MIL 05035 is 3851±8 Ma (2σ), in excellent agreement with previous reports. This age suggests that MIL 05035 could be paired with Asuka 881757, a low-Ti mare basalt meteorite. The magmatic event related to MIL 05035 was probably due to the late heavy impact bom- bardment on the moon around 3.9 Ga. One baddeleyite grain in LAP 02224 shows a large variation of Pb/Pb age, from 3109±29 to 3547±21 Ma (2σ), much older than the whole-rock age of the same meteorite (~3.02±0.03 Ga). The other baddeleyite grain in LAP 02224 has an age of 3005±17 Ma (2σ). The result indicates that the minimum crystallization age of LAP 02224 is ~3.55 Ga and the younger ages could reflect late thermal disturbance on U-Pb system.  相似文献   

西北太平洋热带气旋频次的延伸期动力-统计预报方法和评估          下载免费PDF全文

徐邦琪  魏澎  钱伊恬  游立军 《大气科学学报》2024,47(1):65-79

介绍了西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)频次的延伸期预报方法,比较了新构建的动力-统计和统计预报模型的预测技巧,并探讨了预报误差来源及改进方向。动力-统计预报模型是基于动力模式预测的热带季节内振荡(ISO)信号及ISO-TC生成的同期统计关系来进行预报;统计预报模型则是基于TC生成的前兆ISO信号建模预报。预报评估结果显示,动力-统计混合预报模型的预报技巧高于统计预报模型,原因在于影响TC次季节变化的前兆信号并不稳定,且随着预报超前时间迅速消散,无法提供有效且稳定的可预报源;相反地,TC生成与同期的ISO背景场显著相关,动力模式对ISO(预报因子)有较好的预报能力,因此动力-统计相结合的预报方法为TC延伸期预报提供了有效途径。虽然目前动力-统计预报模型的预报技巧可达5～6周,但仍有进一步改进和提高的空间。通过对不同类型TC预报技巧检验和误差分析,研究认为年际和年代际背景场对ISO调控TC活动的影响不可忽略,且热带外ISO信号(如罗斯贝波破碎和西风急流强度等)对TC频次和轨迹也有显著影响,这些因子为TC延伸期预报提供了潜在可预报源。  相似文献   

基于卷积神经网络的长江流域夏季日最高温度延伸期预报方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

雷蕾  徐邦琪  高庆九  谢洁宏 《大气科学学报》2022,45(6):835-849

长江流域是我国夏季高温热浪灾害的多发区之一,该地区日最高温度(T_max)具有显著的低频(10～30 d和30～60 d周期)变化特征,超前-滞后相关分析和气温方程诊断的结果显示,影响长江流域T_max低频变化的大尺度环流/对流信号包含:自欧亚大陆东移南下的低频波列,自东北亚向西南方向传播的异常环流,以及由西太平洋向东亚传播的低频对流;这些低频对流/环流活动通过改变辐射加热过程及绝热过程,导致长江流域T_max的低频变化。为了客观且有效地辨识和捕捉这些先兆信号,并考虑长江流域T_max与大尺度因子间的非线性作用,本文采用机器学习方法中的卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)对大量历史数据进行训练,并构建了长江流域T_max的延伸期预报模型。在独立预报阶段,CNN预报模型对长江流域区域平均T_max的预报时效达30 d,提前5～30 d预报的T_max与观测T_max的时间相关系数介于0.63～0.70(通过99％置信度的显著性检验),量级偏差(均方根误差)小于1个标准差,显示出CNN在延伸期灾害天气预报的应用潜力。  相似文献   

RANS Modeling of Solitary Wave Propagation over A Submerged Rectangular Breakwater     

Tai-Wen HSU  Chin-Yen TSAI 《中国海洋工程》2009,23(3):473-488

In this paper a series of numerical simulations are performed to investigate the vortex shedding mechanism for a solitary wave propagating over a submerged breakwater by use of Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model combined with a k-ε model. Flows of different Reynolds numbers up to Re=1.4×105 corresponding to varying incident wave heights are considered in which the characteristic fluid velocity is represented by the maximum horizontal velocity above the submerged breakwater. For the verification of...  相似文献   

Sources of Subseasonal Prediction Skill for Heatwaves over the Yangtze River Basin Revealed from Three S2S Models     

Jiehong XIE  Jinhua YU  Haishan CHEN  Pang-Chi HSU 《大气科学进展》2020,37(12):1435-1450

Based on the reforecast data (1999–2010) of three operational models [the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), the National Centers for Environmental Prediction of the U.S. (NCEP) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)] that participated in the Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction (S2S) project, we identified the major sources of subseasonal prediction skill for heatwaves over the Yangtze River basin (YRB). The three models show limited prediction skills in terms of the fraction of correct predictions for heatwave days in summer; the Heidke Skill Score drops quickly after a 5-day forecast lead and falls down close to zero beyond the lead time of 15 days. The superior skill of the ECMWF model in predicting the intensity and duration of the YRB heatwave is attributable to its fidelity in capturing the phase evolution and amplitude of high-pressure anomalies associated with the intraseasonal oscillation and the dryness of soil moisture induced by less precipitation via the land–atmosphere coupling. The effects of 10–30-day and 30–90-day circulation prediction skills on heatwave predictions are comparable at shorter forecast leads (10 days), while the biases in 30–90-day circulation amplitude prediction show close connection with the degradation of heatwave prediction skill at longer forecast leads (> 15–20 days). The biases of intraseasonal circulation anomalies further affect precipitation anomalies and thus land conditions, causing difficulty in capturing extremely hot days and their persistence in the S2S models.  相似文献   

Ion microprobe study of the Pomozdino and Peramiho eucrites     

Weibiao HSU  Ghislaine CROZAZ 《Meteoritics & planetary science》1997,32(2):271-280

Abstract— Electron and ion microprobe measurements of major, minor, and trace element concentrations were made in individual grains of pyroxene, plagioclase, and Ca phosphates in Pomozdino and Peramiho, two eucrites previously classified as anomalous. Although Pomozdino pyroxene is highly magnesian, minor and trace element concentrations in both pyroxene and plagioclase of this meteorite are similar to those in other noncumulate eucrites. High incompatible element concentrations (similar to those in Stannern) coupled with mg# typical of cumulate eucrites confirm the anomalous character of this meteorite but do not allow us to distinguish unequivocally between different possible modes of origin. Peramiho has mg# and trace element concentrations similar to main group eucrites, indicating that this meteorite most probably belongs to this group. A previously reported low incompatible element concentration for Peramiho may be due to a sampling problem.  相似文献   

DEPTH-INTEGRATED MODELING FOR AGGRADING/DEGRADING MOBILE CHANNELS I： MODEL DEVELOPMENT     

En-Tian LIN Chih-Tsung HSU Keh-Chia YEH 《国际泥沙研究》2006,21(4):281-293

1 INTRODUCTION The study of sediment transport in alluvial river is one of the most important fields in hydraulic engineering. Sediment transport has direct influence on the evolution of riverbeds, estuaries and coastlines, and, in turn, affects decision-making of flood control, operating rule of reservoir, design of hydraulic structure and many other aspects. Models with different orders of dimensions were presented in the literature, and most of them had common basis that they were formu…  相似文献   

Detection and interpretation of the Earth’s free oscillations excited by the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake with GGP station data     

Houtse Hsu 《地震学报(英文版)》2011,(2):135-141

The mode serials of the Earth’s free oscillation provide some important information on the Earth’s deep structure and superconducting gravimeters (SG) can investigate the phenomena of the Earth’s free oscillations with high accuracy. The great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake fully excited the Earth’s free oscillations and these signals were perfectly recorded by five superconducting gravimeters in the globe. After the pre-treatment and spectral analysis on the SG observation data, we obtained the experimented mo...  相似文献